Efficient Perforated Pyrotechnic Cartridges

Abstract

Efficient silver iodate pyrotechnic perforated cartridge is designed and developed which upon burning inside the cloud chamber, under simulated atmospheric condition emits optimum number of active seeding nuclei which speeds up and enhances the nucleation process. Fumigation from the perforated cartridge is 28% faster than that of non-perforated cartridge. Burning cartridge is to be released in cold region of cloud near to -190 C isotherm level so that its faster fumigation is almost complete by the time it falls till -3.7 0C isotherm. 190 to -3.70 C is the optimum temperature range for efficient ice nucleation. Hence, ideally the cartridge must completely burn off within ≈30 sec of free fall to disperse its fumes within this temperature range. Quick nucleation within available reaction time meets the needs of effective hail suppression.
Difference in quantity of seeding during artificial rain making and hail mitigation has also been explained prior to presenting the empirical formula for quantity of seeding for hail suppression (in warm and cold regions of the cloud). Moreover,’ exact seeding’, ‘ under seeding’ and ‘over seeding’ have also been defined.